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http://borderlands.wikia.com/wiki/Weapons
Elemental Effects
The elemental effects include fire, electrical, explosive, and corrosive. The damage of the elemental effect is a multiplier indicated by the elemental plaque and a "xN" in the weapon description, where N is a number from 1 to 4. The chance an elemental affect will occur depends on the difference between the level of the player and the level of the enemy. Occasionally a weapon description will include text reading "high elemental effect chance" or "very high elemental effect chance", which implies that the gun has a greater than normal chance of causing its elemental effect. Elemental attacks are added to the base damage of the weapon used and can have secondary benefits.
Each element has a specific benefit to use against differing enemies:
* Fire has a benefit against fleshy enemies and causes the enemy to burn for a length of time.
* Shock has a benefit against shields. It depletes them more readily but is less effective against flesh and armor than a normal weapon of the same type.
* Explosive weapons have a chance for the round to explode in enemies, dealing much more damage and leading to an incredibly messy death on a critical hit.
* Corrosive has a benefit against armored enemies, slowly draining health and making them weaker to other attacks as the ongoing damage progresses.
Each element also has its own specific death animation, most of which leave no trace of the target behind:
* Fire slowly incinerates the enemy. A fair bit of screaming is involved.
* Shock makes lighting arc up and down their body, eventually leading to the skin on their face melting,skull falling apart, then head exploding.
* Explosive leaves you with a loud bang and giblets. Fun against low level enemies.
* Corrosive is similar to fire, only it's acid doing the job.
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